Unit 2 Activity 9 All About Gdp Answers.rar

Unit 2 Activity 9: All About GDP

GDP, or gross domestic product, is a measure of the total value of all the goods and services produced and sold in a country during a specific period of time. It is often used to compare the economic performance and well-being of different countries or regions. In this activity, you will learn how to calculate GDP using different methods, how to adjust GDP for inflation and population, and how to interpret GDP data.

unit 2 activity 9 all about gdp answers.rar

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Part A: GDP by Expenditure

One way to calculate GDP is by adding up all the spending on final goods and services in a country. This method is called the expenditure approach. The formula for GDP by expenditure is:

GDP = C + I + G + (X - M)

where C is consumption, I is investment, G is government spending, X is exports, and M is imports.

For example, suppose that in a hypothetical country, the following data are given for a year:

CategoryValue (in billions of dollars)

Consumption5,000

Investment1,000

Government spending1,500

Exports500

Imports600

To find the GDP by expenditure, we plug in the values into the formula:

GDP = C + I + G + (X - M)

GDP = 5,000 + 1,000 + 1,500 + (500 - 600)

GDP = 7,400 billion dollars

Part B: GDP by Production

Another way to calculate GDP is by adding up all the value added by each sector or industry in a country. This method is called the production approach. The value added by a sector or industry is the difference between its output (the value of its goods and services) and its inputs (the value of the goods and services it uses from other sectors or industries). The formula for GDP by production is:

GDP = VAA + VAB + VAC + ... + VAN

where VAA, VAB, VAC, ..., VAN are the value added by each sector or industry.

For example, suppose that in a hypothetical country, there are three sectors: agriculture, manufacturing, and services. The following data are given for a year:

SectorOutput (in billions of dollars)Inputs (in billions of dollars)

Agriculture500100

Manufacturing1,000300

Services6,0001,200

To find the GDP by production, we first calculate the value added by each sector:

VAAgriculture = Output - Inputs = 500 - 100 = 400 billion dollars

VAManufacturing = Output - Inputs = 1,000 - 300 = 700 billion dollars

VAServices = Output - Inputs = 6,000 - 1,200 = 4,800 billion dollars

Then we add up the value added by each sector:

GDP = VAAgriculture + VA

A third way to calculate GDP is by adding up all the income earned by the factors of production in a country. This method is called the income approach. The factors of production are the resources used to produce goods and services, such as land, labor, capital, and entrepreneurship. The income earned by these factors are rents, wages, interest, and profits. The formula for GDP by income is:

GDP = R + W + I + P

where R is rents, W is wages, I is interest, and P is profits.

For example, suppose that in a hypothetical country, the following data are given for a year:

CategoryValue (in billions of dollars)

Rents500

Wages4,000

Interest500

Profits2,400

To find the GDP by income, we plug in the values into the formula:

GDP = R + W + I + P

GDP = 500 + 4,000 + 500 + 2,400

GDP = 7,400 billion dollars

Part D: Real and Nominal GDP

The GDP calculated by any of the three methods above is called nominal GDP. Nominal GDP measures the value of goods and services at current prices. However, nominal GDP can be misleading when comparing GDP over time or across countries, because it does not account for changes in prices or exchange rates. To adjust for these factors, economists use real GDP. Real GDP measures the value of goods and services at constant prices. Real GDP can be calculated by using a base year as a reference point and applying the price level of that year to all other years.

For example, suppose that in a hypothetical country, the nominal GDP and the price level (measured by a GDP deflator) are given for two years:

YearNominal GDP (in billions of dollars)GDP Deflator (base year = 2010)

20106,000100

20116,600110

To find the real GDP for each year, we use the formula:

Real GDP = Nominal GDP / (GDP Deflator / 100)

For 2010, we have:

Real GDP = 6,000 / (100 / 100)

Real GDP = 6,000 billion dollars

For 2011, we have:

Real GDP = 6,600 / (110 / 100)